If your child is struggling in school—academically, socially, or behaviorally—you may have heard the term IEP thrown around. But what exactly is an IEP, and how does the process work?
An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legally binding document under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) that outlines the specific supports, services, and goals designed to help your child succeed in school.
In this post, we’ll walk through every step of the IEP process—from referral to implementation—so you know what to expect and how to advocate for your child every step of the way.
1. Step One: Referral or Request for Evaluation
The IEP process starts when someone—either a parent, teacher, or specialist—suspects that a child has a disability that’s impacting learning.
Under IDEA’s Child Find requirement, schools must identify, locate, and evaluate all students who may need special education services.
As a parent, you can request this in writing.
In your letter, state that you suspect your child has a disability and you’re requesting a comprehensive evaluation for special education eligibility.
Once you submit that request, the school typically has 60 days (timeline varies by state) to complete the evaluation.
2. Step Two: Evaluation
This is the foundation of your child’s IEP. The evaluation must be comprehensive and look at all areas of suspected disability—including academics, communication, behavior, and emotional needs.
Evaluations may include:
- Psychological testing
- Academic achievement assessments
- Speech and language evaluations
- Occupational or physical therapy assessments
- Behavioral observations
If you disagree with the results, you have the right to request an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) at the district’s expense.
3. Step Three: The Eligibility Meeting
After the evaluation is complete, the school holds an eligibility meeting. You’ll meet with a team that includes teachers, specialists, and administrators to review the data.
To qualify for special education, your child must:
1. Have a disability recognized under IDEA,
2. The disability must adversely affect educational performance, and
3. The child must need specially designed instruction (SDI).
If the team determines your child is eligible, the school must schedule an IEP meeting to create the plan.
4. Step Four: The IEP Meeting
This is where the team—including you, the parent—comes together to build your child’s Individualized Education Program.
The IEP must include:
- Present Levels of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP): a summary of your child’s current strengths and needs.
- Annual Goals: measurable, specific goals the school will work toward during the year.
- Special Education and Related Services: support like speech therapy, occupational therapy, or behavioral interventions.
- Accommodations and Modifications: classroom supports such as extra time, small group instruction, or sensory breaks.
- Progress Monitoring: how and when the school will report progress to you.
Tip: Bring your notes, evaluation reports, and any outside data you have. You are an equal member of the IEP team.
5. Step Five: Implementation
Once you sign consent for services, the school must begin implementing the IEP immediately. Every teacher and service provider working with your child must have access to the plan and know their specific responsibilities.
If services aren’t being provided, or goals aren’t being met, request an IEP meeting to review and revise the plan. You can ask for a meeting at any time—you don’t have to wait for the annual review.
6. Step Six: Annual Review and Reevaluation
At least once a year, the IEP team must meet to review progress, update goals, and adjust services as needed.
Every three years, the school must also conduct a reevaluation to determine whether your child continues to qualify for services and if their needs have changed.
If you feel the plan isn’t working, you can request an earlier review or independent reevaluation at any point.
7. What to Do If the School Says “No”
Sometimes schools refuse evaluations, deny eligibility, or delay meetings. If that happens:
- Ask for the decision in writing (this is called Prior Written Notice).
- Request mediation or request a Due Process Hearing.
- Consult a special education attorney if you believe your child’s rights are being violated.
At The Hull Firm, we regularly help parents navigate these roadblocks and make sure schools follow the law.
Conclusion: You Are Your Child’s Best Advocate
The IEP process can feel overwhelming—but remember, you don’t need to know everything to start; you just need to start.
By understanding the steps, knowing your rights, and keeping detailed records, you can ensure your child gets the education and support they deserve.
If you believe your child may need special education services, don’t wait. Request an evaluation today.
And if you need guidance, The Hull Firm is here to help. Schedule your free discovery call to learn how we can help you advocate with confidence.
